得到FM 28 傲慢與偏見

書,你也許聽過;電影,你也許看過;故事,你也許知道。

不過,故事只是這本愛情小說的表面,就像吃餃子只吃了皮。

餡呢?

餡藏在作者筆下的每一句話、每一個詞、每一個人物裡。餡是故事背後濃郁的英國化氣息。

今晚,我們一起玩個解謎遊戲。

透過作者在書裡給我們留的線索,找到這個200年前的愛情故事裡,隱藏的英國文化特色。

睡前一本書,人生不虛度,你好,歡迎收聽得到FM,我是得到《邵恆頭條》組的策劃人梁斐。

今晚我要和你聊的書叫做《傲慢與偏見》,作者是簡·奧斯汀。今晚就想和你一起讀讀這本書,從原著裡的細節裡,感受一下英國文化。

【互動話題】對你來說,有沒有哪一本書、或者一部電影、電視劇,是你看了很多遍,但還是看不厭,每一遍都有不同收穫的?如果你有,歡迎你在留言區把名字分享給我,同時告訴我它在你人生的不同階段,給你的啟發。

得到管理員

《傲慢與偏見》講的,就是女主角伊麗莎白 班納特,經過反反覆覆的波折,最終克服一切困難,嫁給了一位高富帥。這位高富帥就是我們書裡的男主角,叫做達西先生。故事裡,男主角和女主角經歷一次又一次的誤會,反反覆覆錯過彼此的愛情,折騰了半天最後還是有個大大的美好結局,看起來特別有滿足感。

夏洛特說: “Jane should…make the most of every half hour in which she can command [Mr。 Bingley’s] attention。 When she is secure of him, there will be leisure for falling in love as much as she chuses。”

伊麗莎白回答: “Your plan is a good one, where nothing is in question but the desire of being well married; and if I were determined to get a rich husband, or any husband, I dare say I should adopt it。 But these are not Jane’s feelings; she is not acting by design。 As yet, she cannot even be certain of the degree of her own regard, nor of its reasonableness。 She has known him only a fortnight。 She danced four dances with him at Meryton; she saw him one morning at his own house, and has since dined in company with him four times。 This is not quite enough to make her understand his character。”

夏洛特回覆: “Well, I wish Jane success with all my heart; and if she were married to him tomorrow, I should think she had as good a chance of happiness, as if she were to be studying his character for a twelvemonth。 Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance。 If the dispositions of the parties are ever so well known to each other, or ever so similar beforehand, it does not advance their felicity in the least。 They always continue to grow sufficiently unlike afterwards to have their share of vexation; and it is better to know as little as possible of the defects of the person with whom you are to pass your life。

夏洛特在一開頭說的是,Jane應該努力搶奪人家Bingley先生的注意力,一刻也不要放過,用這個時間一心一意地做一件事,那就是取得Bingley的求婚。人家求了婚,有了個說法,總得來說心裡踏實了,你到時候再去想那些愛情什麼的,不就輕鬆了嗎。

可是伊麗莎白就不這麼認為。她說,如果我唯一的目標是結婚,那麼你這個計劃確實是個好計劃。不過,這不是我的唯一目標,我也認為不是我姐姐Jane的唯一目標。她到現在都還沒弄清楚她自己到底對人家是個什麼感覺。她們才認識兩個星期呀!短短這個時間裡,她才跟那位男士跳了4支舞、拜訪過他一次,和他和一大幫人吃過 4次晚飯。要了解那位男士的性格,這真的還不夠。

然後夏洛特說的是:就算她明天結婚,在我看來她會幸福的機會,和她認識那人12個月,也沒什麼差別。因為婚姻裡的幸福,完全是靠運氣。

我補一句哈,這裡,作者Austen用的詞是“chance”,也有機遇、巧合的意思。也就是說,夏洛特認為,就算雙方結婚前對對方認識得特別深刻,特別瞭解,這根本不能保證他們的婚姻會更幸福。

夏洛特這一邊,是英國傳統保守派的婚戀觀念,也就是剛才說的,結婚是兩人生活上的聯手。快樂、幸福這些虛的,都是其次的。經濟穩定、和諧,生活有保障,這才是結婚的主要目的。

伊麗莎白代表的呢,則是當時比較新的觀點,這種婚戀觀更romantic。伊麗莎白一上來就否認了結婚時她這一生的唯一目標。她話裡的意思是,快樂、幸福、愛情這些,都是值得去追求的,不應該為了獲取一個穩定而捨棄了擁有愛情的機會。

互動話題是:有哪一本書、哪一部電影或者電視劇,是你看了很多遍都不覺得厭,甚至還越看越看出更多的意思來的。歡迎你和我分享。

達西先生:“Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? To congratulate myself on the hope of relations, whose condition in life is so decidedly beneath my own?”

原來,達西先生這個求婚,帶著滿腔的鄙視,就像拯救灰姑娘一樣。他的說法是,他實在沒辦法,像中了魔咒一樣,深深地愛上了伊麗莎白。可是他又無法忍受他愛上的這個人,來自比他低的社會階層,並且沒有像他那樣,有尊貴的血統。

書裡說,達西一年有一萬英鎊的收入。一萬英鎊在我們看來還談不上富豪,可是我看到書裡的備註說,在那個年代,一年1萬英鎊,意味著達西家是當時,全英國最有錢的400個家族裡的其中一個。

也難怪伊麗莎白生了大氣,說:“You could not have made me the offer of your hand in any possible way that would have tempted me to accept it。” 也就是說,你說什麼我都不聽,我就不嫁給你。

我們再來看看作者是怎麼描述達西先生求婚的時候說的話的,她說,“He spoke well, but there were feelings besides those of the heart to be detailed, and he was not more eloquent on the subject of tenderness than that of pride。 His sense of her inferiority – of its being a degradation – of the family obstacles which judgment had always opposed to inclination, were dwelt on with a warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit。

這裡的意思就是,達西先生一邊求婚一邊嫌棄伊麗莎白家庭的社會地位,而他侮辱伊麗莎白,和表達愛意,說得一樣起勁。

我剛剛讀的這一段裡,我想和你講講一個關鍵詞,叫“degradation”,有降級、墮落的意思。從這個詞我們能看出,達西先生認為,娶伊麗莎白簡直太糟糕了,糟糕到他自己這麼高貴的地主家庭地位,都會被她給拉低了。

18世紀的英國社會里,對於什麼樣身份的人,該做和不該做什麼樣的事,該說也不該說什麼樣的話,什麼樣算“得體”什麼樣“不得體”,都有很嚴格的一套規矩。

在書的一開頭有這麼一個故事,女主角伊麗莎白的姐姐在別人家,生病了,回不了家。女主角就特別著急,為了照顧姐姐徒步在田野泥路里走了3英里路。3英里路,相當於5公里的路。而且請注意,她走的還不是我們現在這種大馬路,而是鄉間的小泥路。

一位小姐說:“I shall never forget her appearance this morning。 She really looked almost wild。”

另一位回覆說:“She did indeed, Louisa。 I could hardly keep my countenance, very nonsensical to come at all! Why must she be scampering about the country, because her sister had a cold? Her hair so untidy, so blowsy!”

你發現沒有,女主角伊麗莎白用她的行為有一次挑戰了當時的傳統文化共識,那就是優雅的定義。服從社會規矩,乖乖巧巧,那就是優雅了嗎?難道愛心、同理心、善良,這些不是更優雅的表現嗎?

Lady Catherine: Will you promise me, never to enter into such an engagement [with my nephew]?

Elizabeth: I will make no promise of the kind。

Lady Catherine:Miss Bennet, I am shocked and astonished。 I expected to find a more reasonable young woman。 But do not deceive yourself into a belief that I will ever recede。 I shall not go away, till you have given me the assurance I require。

Elizabeth: And I certainly never shall give it。 I am not to be intimidated into anything so wholly unreasonable。 Your ladyship wants Mr。 Darcy to marry your daughter; but would my giving you the wished-for promise, make their marriage at all more probable? Supposing him to be attached to me, would my refusing to accept his hand, make him wish to bestow it on his cousin? Allow me to say, Lady Catherine, that the arguments with which you have supported this extraordinary application, have been as frivolous as the application was ill judged。 You have widely mistaken my character, if you think that I can be worked on by such persuasions as these。 How far your nephew might approve of your interference in his affairs, I cannot tell; but you have certainly no right to concern yourself in mine。 I must beg, therefore, to be importuned no farther on the subject。

Lady Catherine想讓伊麗莎白承諾,她不會和達西先生訂婚。而伊麗莎白呢,很有骨氣,斬釘截鐵地說,我不會做出這種承諾。

Lady Catherine特別驚訝,因為你想,她是一位伯爵的女兒,從小就被家裡慣著的,哪有什麼人感這麼直接的拒絕她?這時候竟然有一個她認為比她要低賤的人,用這麼衝的語言和她說話,她有點亂了陣腳。不過她也不甘示弱,說她得不到伊麗莎白的承諾,一定不罷休。

伊麗莎白接下來說的一段話,就是很長的那一端,特別精彩。她說,我永遠不會給您您要的承諾。您這種完全無理的論述嚇不到我。您說,您想要達西先生娶您的女兒,可是我承諾不和達西結婚,他和您女兒的婚姻就會更有可能嗎?

這一整段話,伊麗莎白根本沒有反駁Lady Catherine,她只是不斷地質問,不斷地戳穿Lady Catherine話裡,那些不理性的東西,然後維護自己管理自己生活的權利,請別人不要強求她,插手她自己的事。她用理性,很有禮貌地打敗了傳統文化勢力裡的非理性。

來到學校第一天,在300多人的大講堂裡。一位大約50幾60歲的教授走上臺,跟大家說:good morning everybody, welcome to your very first day of university。 I will be your professor for this course, and you may call me Stephen。

沒有誰是一座孤島

一路同行守護,才能彼此成就

沒有誰是夜空中最閃亮的星

唯有彼此照耀,才能漫天星光

你的每次支援,都是對得到FM成長的滋養

得到FM攜手得到電子書,特別感謝你的支援

得到電子書,重新定義搜尋新模式

搜尋任意關鍵詞,即刻精準定位書中關聯內容,

精挑細選3萬好書,vip會員隨意讀,期待你加入

I am afraid you have been long desiring my absence, nor have I any thing to plead in excuse of my stay, but real, though unavailing, concern。 Would to heaven that any thing could be either said or done on my part, that might offer consolation to such distress。 But I will not torment you with vain wishes, which may seem purposely to ask for you thanks。

其實達西想說的意思很簡單,就是:我看你很忙,那我先走了。其實我想說幾句話安慰你,可是說了又怕不合適,還是別說了。

原文直譯過來呢,就複雜得多了。我試著簡單粗暴地翻譯一下,達西先生說的大概是:我擔心你已經想要我走很久了,我也沒有藉口繼續逗留,除了我真實的、但無效的擔憂。要是我能說什麼來安慰你的痛苦就好了。但是我不會用無用的好意來折磨你,因為你可能會以為我說了是故意想要得到你的感激。

“Miss Bennet, there seemed to be a prettyish kind of a little wilderness on one side of your lawn。 I should be glad to take a turn in it, if you will favour me with your company。”

在得到FM專區裡的“助眠音訊”裡,可以找到我們的原創背景音樂噢。

Lady Catherine想把伊麗莎白支開來到花園談話,但是又不好意思直說,“我有話要講”,於是就說:Bennet小姐,你們家花園的一邊似乎有一塊長得還不差的野草。如果你願意和我一起去的話,我很樂意在那一塊散個步。

仔細品品這麼一小段話,其實它有好多層意思。第一層,當然就是字面意思,也就是說我想去花園散個步,你陪我吧。第二層意思,也就是真正的意思,是“我想和你單獨說話,我們找個地方私下聊聊吧。”

“My dear friend,

If you are not so compassionate as to dine today with Louisa and me, we shall be in danger of hating each other for the rest of our lives, for a whole day’s tete-a-tete between two women can never end without a quarrel。 ”

“我親愛的朋友,

如果你不發發慈悲,今天和Louisa和我一起吃飯的話,我們倆有可能就要結下終生怨仇了,因為兩個女人一整天在一起談心的話,只有一個結局,那就是吵架。”

從這封信裡,我們還能看出英國人的另一種文化特點,那就是他們擅長透過自嘲來瓦解人和人之間的距離。別人邀請我們去吃飯,有時候是處於禮貌,我們可能會擔心打擾別人,或者時間不合適什麼的。

所以,我喜歡《傲慢與偏見》,看了這麼多遍都不厭,也喜歡看Jane Austen其他的書,很大一部分原因就是,她的書裡有很多這種文字解謎遊戲。細細地品書裡的人說的每一句話,哪一句都不要輕易放過,每一次讀,都會發現老故事裡的新細節。

在英國,寫一封電郵幾乎從來不會只有一兩句,電郵也從來不會直切話題,比如“請你如何如何”或“請問如何如何”,除非這件事真的非常緊急,不然一般來說,直入話題會視為不禮貌的行為,像給人命令一樣。

英國人寫電郵,一定有頭,有尾,完完整整,有寒暄有問候,更像一封信。我給你舉個例子。比如說,我在活動上遇見一個學長,他在我感興趣的公司工作,我想約他去喝杯咖啡繼續聊聊,我可能就會這麼寫:

Dear John,

I hope this email finds you well。 Last time we spoke, you asked me to reach out if I have any further questions about your company。 I’d love to learn more about your experience there, and am writing to see what times you might be available in the coming week。 I am free any time after 4 on Monday and Thursday。 Please do let me know if those would be convenient times for you, and if not, I am happy to adjust my schedule to yours。

Have a lovely weekend in the meantime,

Warmest regards,

Faye

親愛的John,

希望你收到這封郵件的時候身體健康。我們上次談話的時候,你跟我說,我對貴公司有什麼問題的話可以聯絡你。我非常想進一步瞭解你在貴公司的經歷,所以寫這封電郵給你,看看你下週有什麼時間可能有空。下週一和週四下午4點以後我都有空。請你告訴我這些時間方不方便,如果不方便,我會很樂意依據你的行程安排我的時間。

與此同時,祝你有個美好的週末。

最誠摯的問候,

Faye

是不是很複雜?其實我想說的就只有一件事:有空喝個咖啡嗎?你如果換成一個美國人寫這封電郵,可能就簡單說個,“Hi John, what time would you be available for coffee next week? Let me know, thanks, Faye。” 這就了事了。

我後來讀碩士的時候,和我們學校的一位美國來的MBA一起做小組作業。這位MBA發了封電郵給我問一件事,我一開啟,電郵除了開頭的”Hi Faye”和結尾的簽名以外,就只有一行字,就是她想問的那個問題。

我們透過一個兩百年前的愛情故事,看到了18世紀英國人那種僵硬的階層感,和年輕人對它的挑戰,我們還看到了英國人話裡有話的各種委婉表現。在節目的最後,我想留給你一句書裡的金句:

“I declare after all there is no enjoyment like reading! How much sooner one tires of any thing than of a book! When I have a house of my own, I shall be miserable if I have not an excellent library。”

唯獨看書,一直是不厭的

好了,睡前一本書,人生不虛度。感謝你的收聽,我是梁斐。Sweet dreams and good night。

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