你是否有“臨期焦慮”?看看專家怎麼說

去年在豆瓣上成立的“我愛臨期食品”小組,如今已有九萬多名成員。一位組員曾經有這樣的感慨:我愛臨期食品,就像我的人生一樣,廉價且不甘。

In September 2020, an online thread titled “I love near-expired food” appeared on Douban, a popular Chinese online platform for discussion about movies and books。 A netizen commented, “My life is just like near-expired food, cheap but still have value。”

與此相類似,很多80後90後青年正面臨著來自方方面面的“臨期焦慮”:被家長“催婚催生”、擔心自己35歲之後在職場上的優勢下降,以及隨著年齡增長對自己的容貌感到焦慮等等。

This feeling resonated strongly among young Chinese, who worry they would devalue like near-expired food if they are not up to the expectations of many, to be specific, those around them。

受到消費主義、社會競爭和家庭壓力的影響,青年人產生擔心自己也像食物一樣過期而成為“臨期青年”逐漸成為普遍現象,這和來自家庭和社會的壓力密不可分。受傳統家庭觀念影響,例如很多家庭都希望子女們在30歲之前結婚、35歲之前生子。對於職場年輕女性而言,她們受到的期待是將更多的時間精力投入到照顧家庭中去。

Most of their families want them to get married before 30 and have kids before 35。 For most young women, their parents expect them to put more emphasis in their nuclear family than in the workplace after 35。 Traditionally, women shoulder much of the responsibility of taking care of the entire family in China。

“當代社會弔詭之處在於,一方面人們更強調所謂個性解放和多元生存方式,另一方面,所謂主流、精英式樣的生活、價值觀,在新媒體無孔不入的滲透下,對個體的脅迫與壓力並沒有減弱,”

中國人民大學人類學研究所副

教授

劉謙

在接受CGTN採訪時這樣談道。

“While diversified life styles are advocated and individuality is more respected in contemporary society, we remain deeply influenced by so-called mainstream values, which are especially all the rage across social media platforms,” said Liu Qian, associate professor from the Department of Archaeology at Renmin University of China。

此外,35歲是公務員、事業單位和一些企業招聘的年齡門檻,這也給部分青年人帶來了不小的壓力。

北京師範大學教育學部教育基本理論研究院

講師程猛認為

,“這個門檻催生了年輕人的時間焦慮,增加轉換職業道路的難度,使得年輕人更加趨向於追求確定性,不敢冒風險去追求自己真正想要的。”

There is also a 35-year-old threshold for recruitment in a few workplaces in China。  “Such an age limit makes it more difficult for people in their late 20s or early 30s to change their career paths, and they would become more anxious when facing uncertainties and risks” said Cheng Meng, a lecturer from the Faculty of Education at Beijing Normal University, whose research areas include the mental health of youth。

程猛認為,

現代社會追求效率,時間非常稀缺,這一方面會促進物質財富的創造,但也會導致大家爭分奪秒,非常“卷”,忽視對人本身的關照。

“Contemporary society puts undue emphasis on efficiency, which facilitates high productivity in creating wealth。 But it makes our society highly competitive with little care for individuals,”Cheng Meng said。

你是否有“臨期焦慮”?看看專家怎麼說

近些年來,中國經濟發展迅速,人們的生活水平有了很大提高。但與此同時,快節奏的生活也容易讓人越來越焦慮。

China has experienced rapid economic development and social changes over the past decades, leading to a general increase in psychological pressure and stress。

京師範大學心理學部

副教授

說:“任何一種現象都是有利有弊的。好處的話可能是這些在幾歲完成什麼事情的社會規範為青年人提供了一個模板,幫助他們更有意識地規劃自己的人生。但模板畢竟只是模板,這些具體的期望終究還需要符合我們最根本的發展目標,即完成自我實現,發揮個人價值。如果不假思索地將自己的人生套進這些什麼年齡買房、什麼年齡結婚的條條框框,就喪失了生活的多樣性。”

“The good thing is that such pressure prompts young people to plan their life more clearly。 But life becomes tedious when they follow the pattern set by traditions,” said Han Zhuo, associate professor from the Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University。

按照埃裡克森的人生八階段理論,如果我們把三十歲之前找到物件的要求,替換成在18-40歲建立親密關係,減少孤獨感,我們就會發現,我們完成目標的方式其實是非常靈活且豐富的。

According to Stages of Psychosocial Development, one of the most influential psychological theories developed by psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, concepts like finding a partner before 30 can be changed into establishing an intimate relationship between 18 to 40 years old。

“我們可以18歲邂逅一位愛人,也可以28歲認識一位親密朋友,我們甚至可以38歲再找到一位可以依賴的、靠譜的終生戰友。我們現在對青年人的標準太過細化和單調了,以至於他們沒辦法發揮自己的創造性、找到自己的生活節奏,”

“It means that people could come across their first love at 18, find a lifelong friend at 28, or meet someone to get married at 38,” said Han, who focuses on emotion regulation。

“對個人而言,一種緩解焦慮的方式,是參與公益,走出自我的執念,放眼眾生,將自我的痛苦放置於人間疾苦的背景下,得到和自我對話的新視角,”劉謙建議。

“For individuals, a good way to relieve anxiety is to participate in public welfare activities, which helps us pay less attention to ourselves, Liu suggested。 ”By putting personal affliction under the context of human suffering, we can obtain a new perspective on ourselves。“

此外,緩解焦慮的另一種方式是正念干預。透過冥想、瑜伽等方式,逐漸更加關注自己當下的狀態,接納自己此時此刻的一切體驗和感受。

Some experts suggest a mental health practice known as ”mindfulness,“ which means people pay attention to themselves and focus on their body and mind at the moment through ways like yoga or meditation。

韓卓

認為,透過正念練習,我們可以更清晰地知道自己想要什麼、需要什麼,並且建立對自我的積極認知。從這種對當下自我的清晰認知出發,我們就可以根據自己的真實意願,自己決定自己的“保質期”。

”When practicing mindfulness and being in the moment, people can notice their needs more clearly and make plans more rationally,“ said Han。 ”They can decide their own ‘shelf life’ without worrying about ‘getting near the expiration date’“。 Han Zhuo said。

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